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__Development of Islam Graphic Organizer and Timeline__

 * || **//When and Where was Muhammad born?//**
 * //Muhammad was born in Mecca around 750 AD.//** ||


 * The Development of Islam**


 * //Early Life: Muhammad’s father, a merchant, died before he was born; Muhammad’s mother died when Muhammad was six. Once Muhammad was grown up, he worked for a caravan business owned by a wealthy woman named Khadijah; at age 25, Muhammad married Khadijah. Mecca became a wealthy city because of Muhammad’s caravan.//**


 * //Message//**


 * //Bad changes were happening in Mecca; Muhammad prayed by himself in the hills. When Muhammad was 40 years old, an angel appeared and told Muhammad to tell everyone about the Lord and how he loves.//**


 * //Reaction to Muhammad//**


 * //In 613 AD, Muhammad told people about the message given to him by the angel. Muslims believed that Muhammad was a prophet of God. They wrote a book called the Qur’ an, the holy book of Islam, with all of Muhammad’s messages in them.//**


 * //Hegira (Migration from Mecca to Medina)//**


 * //Muhammad’s teachings were worrying Mecca’s leaders, so they threatened to kill him and his small group of followers. Muhammad decided to leave Mecca with his daughter and followers and go to Medina to spread the word of God.//**


 * //Returning to Mecca//**


 * //Muhammad new revelations about Muslim government; he said to pray towards Mecca because they think it is the home of the Kaaba. As Muslim community grew in Medina, Mecca’s leaders finally accepted Islam as their religion; Muhammad was welcomed back.//**


 * //Death of Muhammad and Grow of Islam to Arabia//**


 * //Muhammad died in 632 AD at his home in Medina. Even though Muhammad had died, the religion he taught his followers would soon spread to lands far beyond Arabia.//**

__Comparative Religions Chart__
** Comparing Monotheistic Religions **

1. What does monotheistic mean?

Monotheistic means the belief in one God.


 * || ** ISLAM **  || ** CHRISTIANITY ** || ** JUDAISM ** ||
 * What are the names of the scriptures (holy books) they use? || They use the Qur’ an. || They use the bible, which has two parts. || They use the Torah. ||
 * Who is the central person of the religion? || Muhammad is the central person of the religion. || Jesus is the central person of the religion. || Moses is the central person of the religion. ||
 * What is the religion’s symbol? || The Crescent Moon || The Cross || The Star of David ||
 * What are the holy cities? || Mecca and Medina || Rome and Jerusalem || Jerusalem ||
 * What is the name of their “house of worship”? || The Mosque || The church || The Synagogue ||
 * What days do they worship? || Friday || Sunday || Saturday ||
 * What are their “Holy Days”? || Ramadan || Easter, Good Friday, and Christmas. || Hanukah, Passover, Yom Kippur, and Rosh Hashanah. ||
 * What is their diet like? Do they have dietary restrictions? || No pork || No meat on Fridays || Kosher diet; no blood ||
 * What are their spiritual leaders called? || Imams || Pope, Priest, Pastor, and Elders. || Rabbis and Priest ||

SUMMARY: This worksheet talks about three different religions: Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. The separate sections mainly talk about main parts of the religions, like the spiritual leaders, their “house of worship”, their religion’s symbol, etc. A lot of the religions’ “Holy Days” are recognized today (Easter, Christmas, Good Friday, Passover, and Hanukah.). This worksheet shows three different religions, their importance, what must be done to be part of one, and how and where the people worship based on their religion.

__Hadith Summary__
Hadiths are sayings from Muhammad. Muslims follow these Hadiths because they believe it will make them a better Muslim. Since Muhammad is believed to be the prophet of God, Muslims believed in his sayings. Muslims wanted to learn to better from the best Muslim ever, that was obviously Muhammad. Muslims believe they will be lost if they did not have Hadiths to help them. Hadiths: increase a Muslim's faith (Imam), make them stronger, and guides Muslims to make them better. These two Hadiths stood out to me: -"A man does not deserve to be called a believer if he fill his belly while his neighbor starves." -"A Muslim must not be a liar." And he explains why: "Truth leads a man to the path of virtue, which leads him to paradise. Falsehood pulls a man to sin and sin throws him in to hell." I especially was interested in the second one!

__Chapter 3; Section 3 Notes__
**Ch. 3.3 Islamic Beliefs and Practices** Name: ___Abigail Hora__ # Date ___11/2/10___ Period ___5___ **The Qur’an** Muslims consider the Qur’an to be the exact word of God as to be told to Muhammad. Beliefs Central teaching in Qur’an:

Other teachings in the Qur’an: According to the Quar’an, paradise is a beautiful garden full of fine food and drinks. Guidelines for Behavior Acts of worship, guidelines for behavior and social life: They had moral behavior, and rules for social life. Relations Among people: Changed Arabian society. The Qur’ an describes rights for women. The Qur’ an encourages Muslims to free slaves. Jihad (definition): “To make an effort, or to struggle.” Jihad refers to the inner struggle people go through. Jihad can also mean the struggle to defend Muslim community. **The Sunnah** The Sunnah refers to: the way Muhammad lived, which provides a model for the duties and the way of life expected of Muslims. The Five Pillars of Islam Definition: Five acts of worship required of all Muslims. Describe each of the 5 pillars of Islam. 1. Statement of faith: They said, “There is no god but God and Muhammad is his prophet.” Muslims say this when they accept the religion, Islam.
 * That there is only one god, Allah.
 * Obey Allah’s commands.
 * Muhammad is Allah’s prophet.

5. Hajj: A pilgrimage to Mecca. All Muslims must travel to Mecca at least once. The Sunnah and Daily Life Other examples of Muhammad’s actions and teachings: -The Sunnah forms the basis rules about how to treat others. -Muhammad’s teachings say that people should treat guests with generosity. -The Sunnah provides guidelines for relations in business and government. -One Sunnah rule: Bad to owe someone money. -Another Sunnah rule: People should obey their leaders. **Islamic Law** Shariah: Shariah sets rewards for good behaviors and Most Muslim countries today: Blend Islamic law with Punishments for crimes. Western legal system like we have in the United States: Most Muslim countries today blend Islamic law -Islamic law is a set of opinions and writings that with Western legal systems like we have in the United have changed over the centuries. States. -Different ideas about Islamic law=found in different Muslim regions.
 * 1) Daily prayer: They must pray five times a day.
 * 2) Donation to charity: Must pay part of their wealth to a religious official. Helping and caring for other is important in Islam.
 * 3) Fasting: They would go without food and drink. (During the month of Ramadan.)

__Photo Gallery Questions__
Abigail Hora 11/4/10   Per. 5   Asia __ Photo Gallery Questions __ 1. For each picture, describe what you see. Be specific. In each picture, I see that Muslims are very different than us; the Muslim women also wear special, religious jewelry unlike us. They also cover their heads! Muslim men wear turbans to represent authority, and we don’t do that (Other Muslim men today still do this.).

2. In what way are the Muslims you see in the photo gallery different? The Muslims are different because they dress differently. The women wore burqas on their heads because it was viewed as a symbol of oppression of women. Muslim women also wore jewelry for special occasions, too. Muslim men wore turbans because it became a symbol of Muslim identity.

3. What do you think accounts for these differences? I think there are these differences because it shows how the women are lower than men and how they have a lot of household work, how they have worries, and how they have troubles. I also think the women cover their heads because it shows how low they are in power. I think the men wear turbans because it gives them authority and power, and it represents how they are in control.

**__Muslim Contributions__**



**__KWL Islam Worksheet__**



Standards-based KWL for Islam in the Middle Ages
 * || **Analyze the geographic, political, economic, religious, and social structures of Islamic civilizations**  ||

SUB-STANDARD KNOW WANT TO KNOW LEARNED

What we want you to know What we think you know What you want to know

//Where is the Arabian Peninsula? What is the land like? The climate?//
 * Know Arabian peninsula’s geography and how it affected ways of life. || //__Answer on binder paper__.//

//I don’t know where the Arabian Peninsula is. I think the land is kind of like a sahara and the climate is dry, humid, and sunny.// || Where is the Arabian Peninsula located? I’m not that sure of what the land and climate are like… Can I learn more about what the land and climate are like? || = The Arabian Peninsula is located in Arabia. The land is mostly a hot and dry desert land. The climate makes it hard for plants and animals to survive because it can reach up to 100 degrees daily. =

|| What are some similarities btw Islam, Christianity, and Judaism? Describe how Islam began. || //Who is Muhammad? Do you think there are any similarities btw Islam, Christianity, and Judaism? What are they?//
 * Who was Muhammad?

//Muhammad is the founder of Islam. I think there are similarities between Islam, Christianity, and Judaism. They are that all three religions believe in one God, and they all trace it back to Abraham.// || Are there any non-similarities? Can I learn more about Muhammad and how he founded Islam? I also want to learn more about the religions Christianity, Islam, and Judaism. || Muhammad was the prophet of God because an angel came to him while he was praying. Islam, Christianity, and Judaism are similar because these religions all have people who represent their religion and how it started.

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 * What is the Qur’an? How is the Sunna different? List some of the daily life rules that Muslims should follow? || //What do you think Muslims believe? List the 10 Commandments. Do you think Muslims believe in them? What do you know about Islam?//

//I think the Muslims believe in Muhammad and how he’s the messenger of God.// //1. You shall not have any other gods before me.// //2. You shall not make yourself a carved image or idol.// //3. You shall not take the name of the Lord your God in vain.// //4. Remember the Sabbath Day and keep it holy.// //5. Honor your father and mother.// //6. You shall not murder.// //7. You shall not commit adultery.// //8. You shall not steal.// //9. You shall not bear false witness against your neighbor.// //10. You shall not covet anything that is your neighbors.// //I think Muslims don’t believe in the ten commandments. I know they have their own commandments.// || Even though I don’t believe in this religion, I want to know what the commandments are for Islam. How many are there? Are they similar to ours? I want to learn more about Islam too. || I never really learned that much about this yet… I learned that Muslims believe that Muhammad is the prophet of God. They also believe that the person who represents their religion has a connection with God.

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 * Explain the expansion of Muslim rule and Arabic language and culture. || //How do empires become larger? Why is it important to speak the same language?//

//Empires become larger by conquering other cities or civilizations, but I’m not sure about the Muslim Empire. It is important to speak the same language so everyone can understand each other, they can communicate, buy, sell, and trade, and they can’t develop some plan to overthrow someone with power because anyone can understand them.// || Did the Muslims even have an empire? I want to learn more about the language of the Muslims. What is their language called? || I learned that the Muslims had empires; they actually had three that I learned about! I learned about the Ottoman, Safavid, and Moghul Empires. I didn’t really learn that much about language yet. But I was able to confirm that it is important to speak the same language because you need to communicate for trading, buying, and selling.

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 * Describe the trade routes btw Asia, Europe and Africa and what traveled along them. What role did Arab merchants play in society? || //What other “things” might be spread along trade routes by merchants other than the intended trade goods?//

//Other “things” might be religions. Merchants could be spreading different beliefs and religions that they believe in; they might not believe in what a powerful leader believes in.// || What other “things” are there that merchants could be “trading” besides different religions? What would happen to a merchant if they were caught sharing different religions? Would they be executed? || The trade routes that travel through Arabia are the reason why Arabia is called a “crossroads location”. Arabian merchants traded items and secretly spoke about different religions; they also “gossiped”.

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 * List the contributions of Muslim scholars in the areas of science, math, medicine, art, and literature. || //Can you think of any ideas, stories, or art that originated (came from) in the Middle East?//

//I don’t really know that much about ideas, stories, or art that came from the Middle East. I know that literature and art were originated from the Middle East. I’m even reading a fictional book about a girl in the Middle East!// || What kind of art and literature was originated from the Middle East? Do they have art from the Middle East in our museums? Is there still as much art and literature from the Middle East today as there was before? || I learned that scholars in the House of Wisdom translated Arabic, Greek, Persian, and Indian texts on educational topics (math, science, astronomy, etc.). Scholars also translated Greek classics into Arabic. The scholars encouraged an openness to new ways of thinking; they also preserved Greek classics that could have been lost or destroyed. Other Muslim scholars created challenging mathematical problems. There are many more thing that Muslim scholars contributed in education.

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Describe the height I don’t really know about the height and fall of Muslim rule in the Iberian Peninsula. I don’t even and fall of Muslim know what or where the Iberian Peninsula is, or what the Reconquista is! I definitely need to learn rule in the Iberian this! I have no idea what it is! Well, they obviously didn’t last since they fell… What happened peninsula (the during the height and fall of Muslim rule? What is the Iberian Peninsula? What is the Reconquista? Reconquista.) What is this whole sentence about? What does it mean?

We never really learned about this kind of stuff yet. I still don’t know about this stuff that much. I learned about the empires and Muslim rule, but I never learned about the fall of Muslim rule.